ECCJ Japan Energy Conservation Handbook 2001 2.1 Global warming and energy consumption

2.1 Global warming and energy consumption

(1) Changes in annual average ground temperature in the world

Note) Bar graph shows the value of respective fiscal year. Line graph shows 5-year running averages and straight line shows the trend of long-term period.
Source) IPCC(1995)
Source) Environmental white paper 2000 edition (edited by Environment Agency)

(2) Global energy balance (Relative value to incident solar rays as 100)

Note) Values in ( ) are estimated values when CO2 concentration is twice.
When the concentration of greenhouse effect gas such as CO2 increases, the energy flow shown in the dotted line becomes larger. This causes the rise of atmospheric temperature. It is said that if there were no carbon dioxide or vapor at all in the global atmosphere, the global temperature would be as low as -19 degC.
Source) "Metorological Research Notes No. 160, Carbon Dioxide Special", Taro Matsuno, 1987, Meteorological Society of Japan (partial corrections made).

(3) Increase of the carbon dioxide level and change in fossil energy consumption

Note) CO2 levels in the past 1000 years, based on ice sheet core records (D47, D57, Siple station, South Pole point), and CO2 levels since 1958, measured at Mauna Loa Observatory in Hawaii. Ice sheet cores were all collected on the Antarctic Continent. The smooth curve is a 100-year running average. A rapid increase of CO2 levels since the start of the Industrial Revolution is apparent, essentially in parallel with the increase in CO2 emissions originating from fossil fuels (refer to the enlarged chart since fiscal 1850).
Source) IPCC (1995), translated by the Meteorological Agency.
Source) Year 2000 Environmental White Paper (compiled by the Environment Agency)

(4) CO2 emissions by country (1999)

(5) CO2 per-capita emissions (1999)

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